Lindsay says, “Mathematics is the language of physical sciences and certainly no more marvelous language was ever created by the mind of man”. Mathematical Language and Symbolism: Another most important characteristic of mathematics which distinguishes it from many other subjects is its peculiar language and symbolism.Abstractness: Mathematics is abstract in the sense that mathematics does not deal with actual objects in much the same way as physics.Logical Sequence: It is a subject in which the previous knowledge has a greater influence.NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MATHEMATICS Fredholm's work led to Hilbert and the development of functional analysis.Statistical mechanics was developed by Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs.Maxwell was to revolutionize the application of analysis to mathematical physics.The 19th Century saw the work of Galois on equations and his insight into the path that mathematics would follow in studying fundamental operations.The most important mathematician of the 18th Century was Euler who, in addition to work in a wide range of mathematical areas, was to invent two new branches, namely the calculus of variations and differential geometry.Mathematics flourished in particular in Iran, Syria, and India. After this time, progress continued in Islamic countries. The major Greek progress in mathematics was from 300 BC to 200 AD.The Babylonian basis of mathematics was inherited by the Greeks and independent development by the Greeks began from around 450 BC.Number problems such as that of the Pythagorean triples (a,b,c) with a2+b2 = c2 were studied from at least 1700 BC.In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000 BC.Only when some record of the counting was kept and, therefore, some representation of numbers occurred can mathematics be said to have started.It is not reasonable, however, to suggest that early counting was mathematics. Mathematics is commonly defined as the study of patterns of structure, change, and space more informally, one might say it is the study of figures and numbers. In Latin, and in English until around 1700, the term mathematics more commonly meant " astrology" (or sometimes "astronomy") rather than "mathematics" the meaning gradually changed to its present one from about 1500 to 1800. The word mathematics comes from the Greek word ‘máthema’, which, in the ancient Greek language means "that which is learned", "what one gets to know”. Gauss stated “Mathematics is the queen of sciences and arithmetic is queen of all mathematics”.Īll the above definitions emphasize mathematics as a tool specially suited for dealing with scientific concepts. MATHEMATICS Bacon said “Mathematics is the gateway and key to all sciences”.
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